The different types of self-leveling compounds include cement-based, gypsum-based, epoxy-based, polyurethane-based, and hybrid formulations. Regarding preparing a smooth, level subfloor for your flooring project, self-leveling compounds can be a game-changer. These specialized products are designed to flow, spread, and level out uneven surfaces, creating a consistently flat foundation for your final flooring installation.
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As a homeowner or contractor, you’ll find a range of self-leveling compounds on the market, each with its unique properties and intended applications.
What are the Different Types of Self Levelers Compounds
The different types of self-leveling compounds include cement-based, gypsum-based, epoxy-based, polyurethane-based, and hybrid formulations.
1. Cement-Based Self-Leveling Compounds
Cement-based self-levelers are a type of self-leveling compound that are known for their durability, versatility, and cost-effectiveness.
These products are typically composed of a combination of cement, sand, and various additives that give them their unique properties. The cement base provides strength and stability, while the sand and additives help to enhance the flow, workability, and overall performance of the self-leveler.
Some key characteristics of cement-based self-levelers include:
Durability: The cement-based formulation makes these self-levelers highly durable and resistant to wear and tear, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, including residential and light commercial settings.
Versatility: Cement-based self-levelers can be used on a variety of subfloor types, including concrete, wood, and even existing floor coverings, making them a flexible choice for many projects.
Cost-Effectiveness: Compared to some other types of self-leveling compounds, cement-based products are generally more cost-effective, making them a popular choice for budget-conscious projects.
Easy Application: Cement-based self-levelers are known for their good flow and workability, allowing for easy application and a smooth, level finish.
Due to these attributes, cement-based self-levelers are often the go-to choice for many residential and light commercial flooring projects, where a durable, cost-effective, and versatile self-leveling solution is required.
2. Gypsum-based self-levelers
Gypsum-based self-levelers are a type of self-leveling compound that are primarily composed of gypsum rather than cement. These products offer a few key advantages over their cement-based counterparts. Firstly, they are known for providing a smoother, more uniform finish to the subfloor compared to cement-based formulations. This can be beneficial in achieving a seamless, high-end look, particularly in interior, low-traffic applications such as residential bedrooms or office spaces where a pristine subfloor finish is the primary goal.
Also, gypsum-based self-levelers typically have quicker drying times than cement-based options, allowing for faster project completion. This faster drying time is another factor that makes gypsum-based self-levelers better suited for interior, light-duty environments where the subfloor needs to be ready for finishing quickly.
While gypsum-based self-levelers may not offer the same level of durability and versatility as cement-based products, they excel in providing a refined, high-quality subfloor surface in the right applications. Contractors and homeowners should carefully consider the specific needs of their project when deciding between gypsum-based or cement-based self-leveling compounds to ensure the best possible outcome.
3. Epoxy-based self-levelers
Epoxy-based self-levelers are a type of self-leveling compound that are formulated with epoxy resins as their primary binding agent. These products are known for their exceptional performance characteristics, making them well-suited for commercial and industrial applications.
The epoxy-based composition of these self-levelers offers exceptional chemical resistance, allowing them to withstand exposure to a wide range of chemicals, oils, and other potentially damaging substances. This makes them an ideal choice for environments where the subfloor may be subject to spills or exposure to harsh chemicals, such as in manufacturing facilities, warehouses, or commercial kitchens.
In addition to their chemical resistance, epoxy-based self-levelers also provide a high degree of durability and wear resistance. They can withstand heavy foot traffic, the movement of equipment, and other types of heavy-duty use without compromising the integrity of the subfloor. This makes them a popular choice for commercial and industrial settings where the flooring needs to be able to stand up to demanding conditions.
Another benefit of epoxy-based self-levelers is their moisture resistance. These products can be used in damp or humid environments without the risk of degradation or damage, making them a versatile option for a variety of project types.
4. Polyurethane-based self-levelers
Polyurethane-based self-levelers are a type of self-leveling compound that utilizes polyurethane as the primary binder. Unlike other self-leveler types, polyurethane-based formulations offer added flexibility, allowing the material to better accommodate minor subfloor movement or substrate deflection without cracking or delaminating.
These self-levelers exhibit a higher degree of moisture tolerance compared to some other formulations, making them a smart choice for damp environments or areas prone to moisture exposure. Polyurethane-based self-levelers’ flexible and moisture-resistant properties allow them to be used in a wider range of applications, including residential, commercial, and even some industrial settings.
This adaptability makes them a valuable option for projects where a more forgiving, impact-resistant, and moisture-tolerant subfloor surface is required, such as in areas with potential for subfloor movement, damp conditions, or the possibility of heavy impacts on the flooring.
5. Hybrid self-levelers
Hybrid self-levelers are a type of self-leveling compound that combines two or more different binder technologies to create a product that leverages the strengths of multiple formulations. The goal of hybrid self-levelers is to provide a more versatile and high-performing solution compared to traditional single-binder self-levelers.
The key advantage of hybrid self-levelers is their ability to deliver a tailored set of performance characteristics that may not be achievable through a single-binder approach. This allows contractors and specifiers to select a self-leveling compound optimized for the specific demands of the project at hand. As the self-leveler market continues to evolve, hybrid formulations are becoming increasingly common, allowing for innovative solutions that combine the best attributes of multiple binder technologies.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Self-Leveling Compound
When choosing a self-leveling compound for a flooring project, you should consider substrate conditions, traffic levels, thickness requirements, chemical exposure, and curing time.
1. Substrate Conditions: The condition and composition of the existing subfloor or substrate are critical considerations. Self-leveling compounds need to be compatible with the substrate material, whether concrete, wood, or another surface. Factors like moisture levels, porosity, and existing coatings or contaminants must be evaluated to determine the appropriate self-leveler.
2. Intended Use and Traffic Levels
For high-traffic commercial or industrial environments, the self-leveler needs to be able to withstand heavy foot traffic, rolling loads, and potential impacts. These types of spaces, such as retail stores, warehouses, or manufacturing facilities, require a more robust and durable self-leveling compound.
Beyond just traffic levels, the intended use of the space can also influence the necessary performance characteristics of the self-leveler. For example, in areas that may be exposed to chemicals, oils, or other potentially damaging substances, such as commercial kitchens or laboratories, the self-leveler should have superior chemical resistance to prevent degradation or discoloration.
3. Thickness Requirements
Some self-levelers are best suited for thin applications, typically ranging from 1/8 to 1/2 inch, while others can be applied in thicker builds, up to 1-2 inches or more, to address more substantial substrate irregularities or larger voids.
The self-leveler’s ability to maintain a smooth, uniform surface finish, regardless of the applied thickness, is crucial. Inconsistencies or imperfections in the surface finish can negatively impact the final floor appearance.
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Thicker self-leveling applications may require specialized equipment and installation techniques, such as larger pumps or mixing apparatus, to ensure a consistent and well-blended mixture. The curing time and drying rates may also differ for thicker builds compared to thinner applications.
4. Chemical Exposure
Spaces like commercial kitchens, laboratories, manufacturing facilities, automotive repair shops, and pharmaceutical production areas are examples where chemical exposure is a significant concern. Self-levelers with poor chemical resistance may degrade, discolor, or break down prematurely when exposed to these harsh chemicals, compromising the integrity and longevity of the flooring system.
In contrast, self-levelers with more basic cement or calcium-based compositions may be more susceptible to chemical attack, leading to surface deterioration, pitting, or other visual and structural issues over time.
5. Curing Time and Installation Logistics
The curing time of a self-leveling compound directly impacts the timeline and workflow of the flooring installation project. Faster-curing self-levelers can allow for quicker turnaround times and faster access to the finished floor, which is especially beneficial in commercial or high-traffic settings where downtime is limited.
Some self-levelers cure and dry within hours, while others may take a full day or longer to fully cure. The curing time can be influenced by factors such as the product’s formulation, the thickness of the application, and environmental conditions like temperature and humidity. Selecting a self-leveler with an appropriate curing time is essential for ensuring the project stays on schedule and meets the client’s timeline requirements.
6. Type of Professionals
When choosing a self-leveling compound, evaluate the expertise and reputation of the self-leveling company or flooring professionals you plan to work with. Look for a provider with extensive experience in projects similar to yours, whether commercial, industrial, or residential. This ensures they have the necessary knowledge and skills to deliver a high-quality installation that meets your specific requirements.
Also, it’s important to select a self-leveling company with a proven track record of quality workmanship, reliable service, and a commitment to addressing any issues that may arise during or after the installation process. The availability of warranties or guarantees offered by the self-leveling company can also provide an extra layer of assurance and peace of mind should any unforeseen challenges occur.
Southside Concrete Polishing is a reputable company that offers a wide range of self-leveling compound solutions and expert installation services. Our team of experienced professionals can assist you in selecting the right product and provide a seamless installation process tailored to your project’s needs. You can reach out to us to discuss your self-leveling compound requirements and receive a personalized recommendation and quote.
When would you use a rapid-setting self-leveler?
You would use a rapid-setting self-leveler when you need a quick turnaround, such as in renovation projects or commercial spaces that need to be back in service quickly. The rapid-setting nature of these products allows for a much faster curing time compared to standard self-leveling compounds, enabling you to get the floor ready for the next stage of the project in a shorter timeframe.
How do you ensure proper mixing and application of self-leveling compounds?
To ensure proper mixing and application of self-leveling compounds, you must adhere to the manufacturer’s instructions, use the correct equipment, and have experienced installers performing the work.
Carefully following the manufacturer’s guidelines for mixing ratios, water addition, and mixing time is essential to achieving the desired consistency and performance of the self-leveling compound. Using the recommended mixing equipment, such as a drill-mounted paddle mixer, helps to thoroughly blend the components and minimize the introduction of air bubbles.
Can self-leveling compounds be colored or customized?
Yes, some self-leveling compounds can be colored or customized to achieve specific aesthetic goals. Manufacturers often offer the ability to tint the self-leveling product with pigments or add decorative aggregates to the mix.
Tinting the self-leveling compound allows you to match or complement the space’s desired color scheme, providing design flexibility. The addition of decorative aggregates, such as colored quartz or metallic flakes, can also create unique visual effects and textures within the finished floor.
Can self-leveling compounds be used over existing flooring materials?
Yes, in many cases, self-leveling compounds can be used over existing flooring materials, but it is important to properly prepare the surface and ensure compatibility with the existing flooring.
Before applying a self-leveling compound over an existing floor, it is crucial to thoroughly inspect the condition of the existing flooring and ensure it is well-bonded to the substrate. Any loose, damaged, or unsuitable flooring materials should be removed.
The surface of the existing flooring must also be properly prepared, often by mechanical means such as grinding or shot blasting, to create a rough, porous profile that will allow the self-leveling compound to adhere effectively. Applying a suitable primer or bonding agent may also be necessary to ensure a strong bond between the self-leveling compound and the existing floor.
Self-levelling floor compounds help level up surface irregularities on new and existing substrates. Komerco's range of self-levelling compounds are easily mixed and simple to apply, they find their own level giving a smooth finish for laying tiles or other floor coverings.
Levelling compounds are typically used internally and applied up to 30-50mm in depth. Self-levelling compounds for use in external areas are available and include: Soudal Pour & Level, SikaFloor Level Ultra & SikaFloor Level 30. For deeper pours products such as MasterTop 515 can be blended with aggregate which helps dissipate the heat of the reaction, or specialised deep-pour products such as the MasterTop 530 or SikaFloor Level Eco can be used.
It’s important to remember that many levelling compounds are not suitable as a finished, wearing surface, and that it is best to speak with the manufacturer or Komerco representative for suitable applications.
Self-levelling compounds are suitable with most screeds, including sand/cement, anhydrite and flooring grade asphalt. However, when levelling timber floors, or screeds containing underfloor heating then general purpose levelling compounds should not be used. Fibre-reinforced products such as Sika FiberLevel or latex additives such as Bostik's Megalastic as a replacement for water addition should be considered for these applications. Always check the products you’re using with the manufacturer and/or the TDS's to make sure they’re suitable.
Before laying a levelling compound it is essential to ensure that correct preparation of the sub floor is carried out. Firstly ensure that the floor is structurally sound with a minimum pull off strength of 1.5 MPa. Then ensure the surface is clean, firm, dry and free from grease, dust and any other contamination which may be considered barriers to adhesion.
Any new concrete or screed must be left to fully cure according to the manufacturers’ instructions before applying any levelling compound. Ensure that any direct-to-earth sub-floors incorporate an effective damp proof membrane or moisture barrier. If the concrete substrate has efflorescence or high moisture (RH) and moisture sensitive flooring is being installed then a suitable moisture or moisture vapour barrier should also be installed.
The majority of subfloors will also need priming. Priming ensures that the levelling compound fully adheres to the substrate. The required primer to use can depend on the substrate and the levelling compound. For porous substrates, products such as the MasterTop , SikaFloor Pro Primer or 01 Primer can be used. For non-porous substrates Sika Floor Prep N Prime or PrimeGrip Non-Porous should be used. If levelling over timber boards where the joints are open, then a thin heavy duty tape can be used to bridge the gaps.
When mixing self-levelling compounds, ensure the manufacturer’s instructions are followed at all times. These can be found on the technical data sheets, product packaging or from the Supplier or Komerco representative. Typically, levelling compounds are mixed by adding powder to clean water. We would generally recommend mixing with a heavy-duty electric drill mixer at a slow speed for a minimum of 3-5 minutes until a lump-free mortar is achieved. Not mixing for the recommended time or additional water may result in product irregularities and possible product failure.
Once the required consistency is achieved, pour the mix over the prepared substrate and spread to the required depth using a suitable steel finishing trowel or long handled blade. Work the mixture well into the corners, edges and around projections. When you’ve finished spreading the mixture on the floor, pour some more mixture onto the floor and spread that out and blend it in with the previous area.
Before allowing to cure, ensure that the surface is sufficiently smooth to receive floor coverings without any further treatment. If you are laying tiles or slabs, floors should be corrected to SR1 (Surface Regularity) – this is plus or minus 3mm or less over a two meter straight edge. Using spiked rollers on fibre-reinforced products can pull fibres through to the surface, so always read the technical data sheet or speak with the manufacturer for advice. If any trowel marks do remain, rub down before the compound has hardened.
Freshly applied levelling compounds must be protected from damp, condensation and all forms of water while curing for at least 24 hours. Areas of application must have fresh airflow to assist with product hydration and drying. Closed off rooms with no fresh air will retard the curing/drying process and possibly lead to product failure.
Always allow the new floor to set before laying your finished floor surface. Setting times can vary depending on the chosen product normally between 4 to 24 hours and is dependent upon your floor finish. This is to ensure that the covering is fully protected from any moisture in the screed which will diffuse through the screed and damage the surface if not left to fully cure.
Contact us to discuss your requirements of Self Leveling Compound Basecoat Primer. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.
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