The Benefits of Using Rescue Drone Winch

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Starting in September, if someone in Clemmons, North Carolina, calls 911 to report a cardiac arrest, the first responder on the scene may be a drone carrying an automated external defibrillator, or AED.

“The idea is for the drone to get there several minutes before first responders,” such as an emergency medical technician or an ambulance, said Daniel Crews, a spokesperson for the sheriff’s office in Forsyth County, where Clemmons is located. The sheriff’s office is partnering on the project with local emergency services, the Clinical Research Institute at Duke University, and the drone consulting firm Hovecon. “The ultimate goal is to save lives and improve life expectancy for someone experiencing a cardiac episode,” Crews said.

The Forsyth County program is one of a growing number of efforts by public safety and health care organizations across the country to use drones to speed up lifesaving treatment in situations in which every second counts.

More than 356,000 people have a cardiac arrest outside of a hospital setting every year in the United States, according to the American Heart Association. Most people are at home when it happens, and about 90% die because they don’t get immediate help from first responders or bystanders. Every minute that passes without medical intervention decreases the odds of survival by 10%.

“We’ve never been able to move the needle for cardiac arrest in private settings, and this technology could meet that need,” said Monique Anderson Starks, a cardiologist and associate professor of medicine at Duke University. Starks is leading pilot studies in Forsyth County and James City County, Virginia, to test whether drone AED delivery can improve treatment response times. The work is funded by a four-year grant from the American Heart Association.

A study found it takes an emergency medical services unit seven minutes, on average, to arrive on the scene following a 911 call, though response times vary considerably by region, and rural wait times can be much longer. Starks said she believes the drone-delivered AEDs in the pilot study could reduce the time to treatment by four minutes compared with first responders.

Unlike a heart attack, which occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked, a cardiac arrest happens when a heart malfunction causes it to stop beating, typically because of an arrhythmia or an electrical problem. Eighty percent of cardiac arrests start as heart attacks. The only way to get the heart restarted is with CPR and a defibrillator.

In Forsyth County, a drone pilot from the sheriff’s department will listen in on 911 calls. If there’s a suspected cardiac arrest, the pilot can dispatch the drone even before emergency medical services are contacted. The drone, which weighs 22 pounds and can travel 60 mph, will fly to the location and hover 125 feet in the air before lowering an AED to the ground on a winch. The AED provides simple verbal instructions; the 911 dispatcher on the can also help a bystander use the AED.

Eventually there will be six drone bases in Forsyth and James City counties, Starks said.

While the technology is promising and research has often found that drones arrive faster than first responders, there’s little conclusive evidence that drones improve health outcomes.

A Swedish study published in The Lancet in compared the response times between drones and ambulances for suspected cardiac arrest in 58 deployments in an area of about 200,000 people. It found that drones beat the ambulance to the scene two-thirds of the time, by a median of three minutes and 14 seconds.

In the United States, most programs are just getting started, and they are exploring the use of drones to also provide remedies for drug overdoses and major trauma or potential drowning rescues.

In Florida, Tampa General Hospital, Manatee County, and Archer First Response Systems, or AFRS, began a program in May to deliver AEDs, a tourniquet, and Narcan, a nasal spray that can reverse an opioid overdose. The program initially covers a 7-square-mile area, and EMS dispatchers deploy the drones, which are monitored by drone pilots.

There were nearly 108,000 drug overdose deaths in the United States in , according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

As of early July, the Tampa program hadn’t yet deployed any drones, said Gordon Folkes, the founder and chief executive of AFRS, which develops and deploys emergency drone logistics systems. One request in June to send a drone to an overdose couldn’t be fulfilled because of a violent thunderstorm, Folkes said. In the testing area, which covers about 7,000 residents, Folkes estimates that 10 to 15 drones might be deployed each year.

“The bread and butter for these systems is suburban areas” like Manatee County that are well-populated and where the drones have the advantage of being able to avoid traffic congestion, Folkes said.

There are other uses for drones in medical emergencies. The New York Police Department plans to drop emergency flotation devices to struggling swimmers at local beaches. In Chula Vista, California, a police drone was able to pinpoint the location of a burning car, and then officers pulled the driver out, said Sgt. Tony Molina.

Rescue personnel have used drones to locate people who wander away from nursing homes, said James Augustine, a spokesperson for the American College of Emergency Physicians who is the medical director for the International Association of Fire Chiefs.

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In the United States, one hurdle for drone programs is that the Federal Aviation Administration typically requires that drones be operated within the operators’ visual line of sight. In May, when Congress passed the FAA reauthorization bill, it gave the FAA four months to issue a notice of proposed rulemaking on drone operations beyond the visual line of sight.

“The FAA is focused on developing standard rules to make [Beyond Visual Line of Sight] operations routine, scalable, and economically viable,” said Rick Breitenfeldt, an FAA spokesperson.

Some civil liberties groups are concerned that the FAA’s new rules may not provide enough protection from drone cameras for people on the ground.

Jay Stanley, a senior policy analyst at the American Civil Liberties Union, acknowledged the benefits of using drones in emergency situations but said there are issues that need to be addressed.

“The concern is that the FAA is going to significantly loosen the reins of drones without any significant privacy protections,” he said.

Search and Rescue is a race against time. When someone goes missing or disaster strikes, every minute counts. Traditional SAR methods – deploying ground teams or helicopters – can be time-consuming and costly. That's why drones are revolutionizing search and rescue (SAR) by providing rapid eyes in the sky, wide-area coverage, and real-time intelligence to responders. In Canada and around the world, SAR teams are embracing drone technology to deploy faster, search smarter, and save lives in urgent situations.

Swift Deployment and Rapid Response

Minutes matter in emergencies, and drones drastically cut down response time. Unlike helicopters that require warm-up and logistics or ground teams that need hours to organize and traverse terrain, drones can be launched in mere minutes. In fact, modern enterprise drones can be airborne within seconds – the DJI Matrice 4T, for example, can take off in as little as 15 seconds after setup. This speed in deployment means SAR units gain immediate aerial oversight of the search area, often making the difference between life and death for victims. Studies have shown that teams using drones locate victims significantly faster than those on foot alone. In one European field trial, drone-assisted teams found missing persons an average of 3 minutes quicker than traditional searchers – a critical time savings in hypothermia or trauma scenarios. And in real missions, drones have shaved as much as 30 minutes off search operations, enabling quicker rescues. By getting eyes on the scene faster than ever before, drones accelerate the initial assessment and help search managers prioritize resources immediately.

Once airborne, drones race across the landscape at high speeds (often 50–70 km/h), reaching remote search zones far quicker than ground vehicles or personnel. Drones can overfly obstacles like rivers, ravines, or debris that would slow down ground teams, delivering critical visuals in real time to incident command. The result is a faster initial response – precious minutes saved that improve the odds of a successful rescue.

Wide-Area Coverage and Aerial Advantage

Drones give SAR teams the power of vantage point and area coverage that traditional methods struggle to achieve. By flying high above forests, mountains, or open water, a single drone can scan an expansive area in a fraction of the time it would take a team on foot. For example, instead of 50 volunteers spending hours combing through woods, one drone pilot can sweep the same zone in minutes, directing ground crews only to areas of interest. This efficiency is especially valuable in Canada's vast wilderness – from the dense coastal rainforests of British Columbia to the wide open prairies, drones can cover challenging terrain that is often inaccessible or time-prohibitive for human searchers.

The aerial perspective that drones provide is unparalleled. Flying at a few hundred meters altitude, a drone's camera can spot subtle signs of life (a bright jacket, movement, or disturbed ground) that are invisible at ground level. “Drones give us the ability to see a larger picture of a situation so crews can shorten the time it takes to assess a scenario,” notes one Canadian SAR coordinator. By quickly mapping the terrain from above, drones help search managers narrow down the search area and focus efforts where they matter most. In disaster scenarios like landslides or floods, drones can also create real-time maps and 3D models of the impact zone, guiding rescuers through safe routes and helping plot strategy. Essentially, drones act as an “eye in the sky” – delivering a comprehensive view that improves situational awareness and speeds up the entire mission.

How North Shore Rescue utilize drones in their search and rescue operations.

Thermal Vision for Night and All-Weather Search

One of the breakthrough capabilities drones bring to SAR is thermal imaging. Many modern rescue drones (such as DJI's Matrice 4 Thermal and Matrice 30T) come equipped with dual visible and infrared cameras, allowing them to detect the body heat of a person lost in the wilderness. Thermal vision pierces through darkness and obscurants like smoke, fog, or dense foliage – conditions that can completely blind a ground team. A missing hiker huddled under thick trees or a lost child in tall grass emits a heat signature that glows brightly in the drone’s thermal view, standing out from the cooler surroundings. This means searches can continue 24/7, unhindered by nightfall or poor visibility. Canadian teams have found that “subjects stick out quite bright at 60 to 90 metres in the air” when viewed through a drone’s thermal camera. Indeed, there are multiple cases of drones locating people at night who likely would not have survived until morning without being found.

By deploying thermal drones, SAR teams overcome one of the greatest limitations of traditional search methods. No longer are searches halted overnight or in blizzard conditions – a drone can literally see in the dark, picking up heat signatures through snow or foliage where flashlights or spotlights fail. This proved life-saving in one North Vancouver rescue: a drone pilot with a thermal-equipped UAV finally spotted a hypothermic hiker at night, 2 kilometers away under tree cover. Temperatures were well below freezing, and without the drone's thermal eyes, ground crews might not have found him in time. “If the team hadn’t found him that night it would be more of a recovery,” the rescuer noted, underscoring how thermal drone capability directly saved the hiker’s life. Beyond finding individuals, thermal cameras can also identify hazards like smoldering wildfires or hot spots in disaster rubble, helping keep responders safe. And thanks to weather-resistant designs (many SAR drones are built to fly in rain, wind, and snow with high IP ratings and stable gimbals), they can deliver thermal and visual intel in harsh Canadian weather that would ground other aircraft. In short, drones extend the eyes of rescuers whenever and wherever humans alone cannot see.

Real-Time Intelligence and Coordination

Not only do drones find people faster – they also improve coordination and decision-making during SAR missions. High-end drones stream live video and telemetry back to command centers and ground teams, enabling real-time intelligence sharing. As a drone canvasses a search area, rescue coordinators can watch the feed live on screens, effectively getting a bird’s-eye view of the operation. The moment something of interest is spotted – say, a flash of color or a heat signature – teams can immediately pivot and respond. This on-the-fly adaptability is a huge advantage over traditional searches where aerial photos or reports come with delays. Drone operators can also mark GPS coordinates of a suspected victim and push that location directly to rescuers’ mobile devices in the field. Instead of wandering, ground crews go straight to the target with GPS precision, saving time and energy. “Being able to spot a subject with the drone and send ground crews directly to those in need of rescue can save a lot of time, especially when a helicopter is not able to fly,” explains one North Shore Rescue pilot. Essentially, drones create an instant communication bridge – what the drone sees, the whole team sees, and they can act on that info without hesitation.

Drones also carry additional tools to aid communication and situational awareness. For example, many SAR drones can be fitted with loudspeaker systems to talk to stranded victims once located. Rescuers can reassure a lost person that help is coming or instruct them to move to a safer location, all via the drone’s speaker – a vital lifeline especially if the person is injured or panicked. High-powered lights on drones can illuminate an area for ground teams or flash as a beacon to guide people toward safety. Some drones even drop two-way radios to isolated victims to establish direct contact. Meanwhile, onboard AI is starting to play a role: cutting-edge models like the Matrice 4T leverage AI object recognition to automatically highlight people or vehicles in the video feed. This helps filter out false alarms (for instance, distinguishing an animal from a human) and speeds up target detection. All the data gathered – live video, infrared scans, GPS coordinates, maps – can be recorded and analyzed in real time, or reviewed later to improve search strategies. SAR teams are using drone data to make more informed decisions quickly, as well as to debrief and refine their methods after missions. In summary, drones act as an information force-multiplier: better intel leads to better outcomes, and faster rescues.

Enhancing Rescuer Safety and Efficiency

Every SAR mission balances the urgency to save lives with the risk to the rescuers themselves. Drones tilt this balance by keeping human team members out of harm’s way whenever possible. Instead of sending volunteers into a crumbling building or across a thin ice field to assess a situation, a drone can scout it first without endangering any lives. If the drone finds someone, ground teams can then move in with knowledge of the hazards ahead; if not, they have avoided a risky trek for no result. This is crucial in scenarios like avalanches (where even a rescuer’s footsteps or noise could trigger a secondary slide) – a drone can hover and search silently from above. In earthquake or wildfire zones, drones access unstable structures and toxic smoke areas that would be too dangerous for humans. By assessing threats remotely, drones allow SAR coordinators to plan safer routes and approaches for their teams, minimizing unnecessary exposure to danger.

There's also a significant efficiency and cost benefit. Traditional aerial support via helicopters or fixed-wing aircraft is extremely expensive and often not readily available in time. Drones, by contrast, are far more affordable and can be deployed repeatedly without the huge per-hour cost. “Helicopters can be several hundred dollars an hour, whereas a drone can be bought outright and used over and over again,” notes emergency coordinator Mike Johnson, highlighting how drones conduct aerial searches for a fraction of the cost, risk, and resources of conventional methods. This cost-effectiveness means even volunteer SAR teams or smaller public safety agencies can maintain a drone program to augment their operations. And in cases where helicopters are used, drones often still play a complementary role – handling the fine-grained search in areas the helicopter can't see (under canopy, close to cliffs) or continuing the mission when manned aircraft have to turn back due to weather or darkness. By improving success rates while reducing expenditures and keeping personnel safer, drones greatly enhance the overall efficiency of search and rescue efforts. In the SAR world, saving time and saving money ultimately translate into saving lives.

Delivering Lifesaving Supplies from Above

Beyond finding people, drones can directly aid survivors by delivering critical supplies in situations where traditional means are too slow or dangerous. When a victim is located in a hard-to-reach spot – such as an injured climber on a cliff ledge or a flood survivor surrounded by water – getting emergency supplies to them quickly can sustain them until rescuers arrive. Drones excel at this “last mile” delivery, carrying payloads of medical supplies, food, water, or communications devices and dropping them precisely where needed. For example, a drone can lower a two-way radio to a lost hiker so they can communicate with rescuers, or deliver a first-aid kit and water to a disaster victim trapped by debris. In one noted case, a drone even carried an automated external defibrillator (AED) to a cardiac arrest patient before paramedics could get there – a scenario where every second mattered for survival.

The capacity of drones to carry useful payloads has grown rapidly with technological advances. Heavy-lift drones in the DJI Matrice series can haul substantial weight – the latest DJI Matrice 400, for instance, supports payloads up to 6 kg (13 lbs). This means it could carry a rope line, a life jacket, or multiple bottles of water to a remote site. Going even bigger, DJI’s new FlyCart 30 delivery drone can lift an impressive 30 kg (66 lbs) of cargo and ferry it across long distances (up to 16 km with max load). This opens the door for drones to drop heavier survival items like food rations, satellite phones, or medical equipment to disaster zones that trucks or helicopters can’t reach quickly. Crucially, drones can do this autonomously or by remote control without putting a pilot at risk, flying through smoke or storm to get aid directly to those in need. For SAR team leaders, these capabilities mean greater flexibility in rescue planning – if you can’t extract a victim immediately, you can at least sustain them. As one industry source emphasized, yes, drones can be equipped to deliver essential supplies like medications, food, or communication devices to victims while they await rescue. This buys precious time and can dramatically improve a victim’s odds of survival during extended operations. Whether it’s a small quadcopter dropping a flashlight and radio to a lost camper, or a large hexacopter lowering a medical kit via winch, drones extend the reach of humanitarian aid to the hardest-to-reach places.

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A New Era for Search and Rescue