Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) are two of the most widely used input materials in the manufacturing and construction industry. They are both thermoplastic polymers, and as suggested by their names, are quite similar in many ways. However, that doesn’t stop them from having key differences in some important avenues, especially the types of stabilizers they require to prevent degradation.
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In this blog, we’ll take you through five crucial differentiating points between PVC and CPVC stabilizers, to help you broaden your knowledge base on these important industrial materials:
1. Type of Stabilizers
PVC stabilizers are primarily lead-based, tin-based, or calcium-zinc as well as organic-based, whereas CPVC stabilizers are heavy metal-free, calcium-organic or organic-based but presently people are using Methyl and Butyl tin mostly. The heavy metals used in PVC lead stabilizers have become a concern due to their toxicity and potential environmental harm. CPVC stabilizers, on the other hand, are more sustainable and environmentally friendly, making them the better choice.
2. Manufacturing
PVC stabilizers are typically added during the manufacturing process in the form of PVC superpacks as well as individual stabilizers during compounding, while CPVC stabilizers are added as CPVC addpacks manufactured by a CPVC add packs manufacturer.
The manufacturing process for PVC involves polymerizing vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) into PVC resin, which is then processed into pipes and fittings. The process for manufacturing CPVC is similar, but an additional chlorination step is required to achieve the desired properties. Another difference between the two materials is their colour. PVC is typically white or gray, while CPVC is usually a light yellow colour. Overall, the manufacturing differences between PVC and CPVC are relatively minor, with the primary difference being the chlorination step required to produce CPVC.
3. Chemical Structure
PVC is a polymer made from vinyl chloride monomer, whereas CPVC is a polymer made from chlorinated vinyl chloride polymer through chlorination. The difference in their chemical structure makes them incompatible with some of the stabilizers.
4. Temperature Resistance
CPVC is a more heat-resistant material than PVC, making it more suitable for use in high-temperature applications. This also means that CPVC stabilizers must be more heat-resistant than PVC stabilizers to ensure effective protection.
5. Applications
PVC is commonly used in constructing pipes, windows, and siding, while CPVC is used for hot water pipes, fire sprinkler systems, and industrial applications. The specific applications of these materials require different stabilizers to ensure their performance and longevity.
In conclusion, the choice of stabilizer, be it for PVC or CPVC, depends on the application of the material, the desired level of sustainability, and the inclination towards environmental friendliness. While PVC stabilizers have traditionally been lead-based, tin-based, or calcium-zinc, CPVC stabilizers are heavy metal-free, calcium-organic, or organic-based. This makes their usage perfectly sustainable and environmentally friendly. With climate change upon us, green stabilizers are becoming increasingly important, making CPVC the more attractive choice for many applications. The increasing focus on sustainability and the environment has pushed us towards green alternatives, where CPVC emerges triumphant. In line with this, Platinum Industries. A leading PVC stabilizer manufacturer in India regularly invests a lot in R&D to create sustainable and environment-friendly stabilizers. Connect with us to know more.
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PVC STABILIZER Detail Introduction
PVC STABILIZER enables polymer compounds to be used without structural changes in the presence of heat, light or oxygen, for example during processing, storage or use of the product. It is also possible to break chains or crosslinks and deteriorate properties.
It is therefore necessary to add an appropriate Heat Stabiliser during processing so that the structure of the polymer compound is not damaged or its ring breakage is prolonged and the quality of the product is stabilised. This added substance is commonly known as Pvc Stabilizer.
Stabilisers manufactured by Shandong Polymer Additives are divided into heat stabilisers, light stabilisers and antioxidants according to their effect on heat, light and oxygen, of which Heat Stabilizer is the most important additive for pvc.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has the advantages of good acid and alkali resistance, abrasion resistance, electrical insulation, non-flammable and self-extinguishing and low price, making it a very widely used thermoplastic. Despite its many advantages, PVC has a fatal disadvantage, namely its poor thermal stability. PVC usually starts to degrade when heated to 140°C, while its processing and moulding temperature is around 160-200°C. Therefore, Heat Stabilizer must be added to inhibit the degradation of PVC during processing and moulding.
Pvc Heat Stabilizer is mainly used for PVC and other polymers containing chlorine. If the PVC plastic contains small amounts of impurities such as lead salts, metal soaps, phenols, aromatic amines, etc., it does not affect its processing and application, but also serves to retard its thermal decomposition to a certain extent.
What is the principle of action of the Pvc Heat Stabilizer?
Pvc Heat Stabilizer Reference Formulation.
Principle analysis of heat stabilizer needed for PVC processing
The ideal PVC structure is the first-tail structure - CH2-CHCl - CH2-CHCl-, which is quite stable. However, the synthesis of PVC is not yet possible in the same way as the synthesis of cis-butadiene, which is subjected to directed and regular polymerisation under the action of a zigzag catalyst.
The polymerisation of vinyl chloride is a random polymerisation of free radicals, which, in addition to a stable first-tail structure, has a first-head structure -CH2-CHCl-CHCl-CH- and a last-tail structure -CHCl-CH2-CH2-CHCl-; there is coupled disproportionation to produce vinyl junctions CH2 =CH-CHCl-CH2- structures and allyl chloride -CH2-CH=CH-CHCl-CH2 etc.
PVC is easily degraded during processing precisely because of the instability in the structure of the PVC molecular chain, which decomposes at a temperature of about 130°C without stabilisation. However, to process PVC resin into useful products, the moulding temperature has to be above 190°C. Therefore, heat stabilisers must be added to improve the structure.
Heat Stabilizers are a class of Pvc Stabilizers that prevent or reduce the degradation or cross-linking of polymers by heat during processing and use, extending the life of the composite material. commonly used Pvc Stabilizers can be classified as salt-based, fatty acid soaps, organotin compounds, complex heat stabilizers and pure organic compounds according to their main components.
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Types of Pvc Stabilizers and their uses
Pvc Heat Stabilizer is an excellent heat stabiliser. It has good compatibility, low volatility, low migration and good light resistance. It is suitable for soft pipes, granulation, calendered films, toys, conveyor belts, advertising cloth, wallpaper and other PVC products.
Advantageous features of Pvc Heat Stabilizer.
1. What is PVC stabilizer?
Pvc Stabilizers can be added directly to PVC or in blends to prevent oxidation, chain breakage, uncontrolled recombination and cross-linking reactions caused by photo-oxidation. Essentially, they protect PVC from the harmful effects of extreme temperatures and UV radiation.
A Pvc Heat Stabilizer is a heat stabiliser for polyvinyl chloride and its copolymers. Classification is generally based on the chemical composition of the heat stabiliser, which can be alkaline lead salts, metal soaps, organotins, epoxy compounds, phosphite esters, polyols, etc. PVC stabilisers can be divided into primary and secondary stabilisers according to their role.
2. Which compound used as a stabilizer in PVC?
Barium-zinc additives are very effective Pvc Heat Stabilizers, but are limited to medical applications in some countries. Alternatives such as calcium-zinc formulations are often used to stabilise the heat resistance of medical grade PVC.
3. How many Pvc Stabilizer packages are available?
a. Liquid Barium-Zinc Compound Stabilizers
It is generally a light yellow to yellowish brown oily liquid with a specific gravity of 1.0-1.1 at room temperature, good heat resistance, not contaminated by sulphide, and can be used with epoxy plasticizers to improve the stabilization effect.
b. Liquid calcium-zinc compound stabilizer
The main components of non-toxic liquid calcium and zinc stabilizers are calcium stearate, calcium ricinoleate, zinc stearate, zinc ricinoleate, and epoxidized soybean oil, UV absorbers, etc. Liquid calcium and zinc stabilizers are generally used in organic solvents more easily soluble fatty acid calcium and zinc salts with a low carbon number. It is a non-toxic stabilizer for PVC and is mainly used as a stabilizer for food packaging films and utensil foam artificial leather.
c. Liquid barium-cadmium and liquid barium-cadmium-zinc compound stabilizers, these compound stabilizers are mainly used in the processing of soft PVC products.
d. Lead salt compound stabilizer heat stability is good, has been widely used, but the lead salt powder fine, ingredients and mixing, its dust by human inhalation will cause lead poisoning, for this reason, scientists and researchers have developed a new compound lead salt heat stabilizer.
4. Pvc Heat Stabilizer safety issues.
The safety of Pvc Heat Stabilizer has received more and more attention, and the safety of Pvc Heat Stabilizer should be considered from three aspects, one is the safety of the processors who use the raw materials, the second is the safety protection of the users, and the third is the safety of the waste to the environment.
The safety of the processors can be addressed through the liquefaction, paste and granulation of the Pvc Stabiliser. For the safety of the user, the Pvc Stabiliser can be polymerised or reactive stabilisers can be prepared to improve its resistance to extraction, but given that stabilisation is a chemical reaction at the molecular level, these methods are not the most appropriate and the best method is to use a high safety Pvc Stabiliser.
When choosing a Pvc Stabiliser, the safety of the chemicals produced by the reaction between the resin and the stabiliser, or between the stabilisers, must also be considered.
Shandong Loyal Chemical Co., Ltd. as a professional Pvc Heat Stabilizer, not only has a high quality product, but also a good price for Pvc Stabilizer.
5. What does Pvc Heat Stabilizer do?
Pvc Heat Stabilizer delays or avoids heat-induced damage and further degradation of plastics.
Without specifying it, heat stabilisers refer specifically to the stabilisers used in the processing of PVC and vinyl chloride copolymers, i.e. Pvc Heat Stabilizer.
PVC and vinyl chloride copolymers are heat-sensitive resins that are susceptible to the release of hydrogen chloride during heat processing, which can lead to thermal ageing and degradation reactions. Widely used heat stabilizers in industry include salt-based lead salts, metal soaps, organotins, organic antimony and other primary stabilizers and epoxy compounds, phosphite esters, polyols, diketones and other organic auxiliary stabilizers.
6. Mechanism of action of Pvc Heat Stabilizer.
Pvc Pipe Stabilizers have the ability to absorb and neutralise HCL and inhibit its autocatalytic effect.
These Pvc Stabilizers include lead salts, organic acid metal soaps, organic tin compounds, epoxy compounds, phenol salts and metal thiol salts. They can react with HCL and inhibit the reaction of PVC to remove HCL. For example, organotin stabilizers are used in coordination with the unstable chlorine atoms of PVC molecules, in which the organotin is replaced with the unstable chlorine atoms.
Pvc Pipe Stabilizer reacts with the polyene structure in an addition reaction, destroying the formation of a large conjugate system and reducing colouration. The salts or esters of unsaturated acids contain double bonds and undergo a double-alkene addition reaction with the conjugated double bonds in the PVC molecule, thus destroying the conjugated structure, inhibiting discolouration, trapping free radicals and preventing oxidation reactions.
If you are looking for more details, kindly visit PVC Compound Stabilizer.
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