GROWING FRUIT TREES ASIAN PEARS

GROWING FRUIT TREES ASIAN PEARS

Asian pears are a delicious and crisp fruit produced by the Asian pear tree (Pyrus pyrifolia), flourishing primarily in regions such as China, Korea, and Japan. These trees have been cultivated for centuries in these areas. They made their way to the United States in the early 20th century, particularly in Flushing, NY, and with settlers in California, where they blossomed into a significant commercial crop. Currently, California and Oregon lead the market for Asian pear production. The Asian pear can be categorized into two main types: the smooth-skinned, mild, and sweet varieties, and the russeted, more intensely flavored counterparts. With hundreds of varieties available, it’s crucial to select those suited to your local conditions!

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Choosing a Variety

Size

Grafted Asian pears maintain similar sizes, generally reaching heights of about 15 to 20 feet.

Pollination

Most Asian pear varieties are not self-fertile and require cross-pollination from another Asian pear tree. While they are related to European pears, the blooming periods do not overlap sufficiently for them to be effective pollinizers. The ideal distance between trees for effective pollination is within 100 feet, ensuring unobstructed visibility for pollen-carrying bees.

Chill Hours

All fruit trees have a "chill hour requirement," which refers to the necessary hours spent between 32 and 45 degrees Fahrenheit for successful flowering and fruit set. The chill hours required vary by region and tree type, typically ranging from 500-1,000 hours. Trees needing fewer than 600 chilling hours are labeled "low chill" and usually handle intense summer heat better.

Where to Plant Your Trees

Asian pears thrive in places that receive at least 8 hours of direct sunlight. Proper sun exposure is essential for the formation of flower buds for the upcoming season. They also prefer well-drained, moderately rich soils with a pH around 6.3-6.8. Enhancing your soil with organic matter before planting will foster healthier growth. Furthermore, a 2-4 inch layer of mulch will help conserve moisture and outcompete weeds.

Care and Maintenance

Fruit Thinning

Asian pears are prolific fruit bearers. They can start blooming and producing fruit as soon as 1-2 years after planting, leading to an abundant number of fruits. To ensure good-sized pears, it's important to thin out 40%-50% of the remaining fruits after a natural thinning process called "June drop." This allows the remaining pears to grow larger and more viable.

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Watering Your Plants

Proper watering is vital for growing Asian pears. A general rule is to provide about 1 inch of water per week across the root zone. In well-draining soil, watering heavily once a week is recommended, with the soil remaining moist—never soggy. Particularly in hot areas, mulching can help retain moisture.

Fertilization

For optimal growth, your Asian pear trees need a well-balanced supply of nutrients. Using an all-purpose fertilizer once or twice in the spring, along with organic compost, will encourage healthy flowering and fruiting. Avoid fertilizing after early summer to prevent weak, soft growth susceptible to winter damage.

Pest and Diseases

It's essential to know what pests and diseases are common in your region when growing Asian pears. Consulting local agricultural experts can help you develop an effective management plan, especially if you have appealing but potentially susceptible varieties in your orchard.

Asian pears: How to choose, store and prepare

Once a relatively unknown fruit, Asian pears have gained popularity at farmers markets, where you can find numerous varieties. Some late-season favorites include Shinseiki, known for its crisp texture and honey-like flavor; 20th Century, offering a delightful mash-up of apple and citrus; Kosui, with hints of vanilla; and Chojuro, featuring a buttery taste with caramel notes.

How to choose: Though solid and hard, Asian pears bruise easily. Choose russet varieties that are golden brown and smooth-skinned varieties that are yellow or pale green, depending on their shape.

How to store: For optimal freshness, store Asian pears in the refrigerator.

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