Grating 101 - Interstate Gratings

Metal Bar Grating is the workhorse of the industrial flooring market and has served industry for decades. Strong and durable with an exceptional strength-to-weight ratio, metal bar grating can be easily fabricated to nearly any configuration. The high percentage of open area makes bar grating nearly maintenance free and all products are fully recyclable.

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Manufactured by assembling a series of equally spaced metal bars to connecting cross members, bar grating is available in three popular materials; mild carbon steel, series aluminum and 300 series stainless steels. Additionally, Interstate Gratings can produce gratings constructed with other specialty metal alloys. Get in touch with us to discuss your situation.

The load tables on the pages within this website provide load/deflection criteria for most common applications. These tables provide a concise reference allowing the specifying authority to select the appropriate bearing bar size and spacing for the intended application. Pedestrian loads are commonly analyzed with uniform and concentrated loads. For pedestrian comfort, deflection is typically limited to 1/4″. Heavy duty and vehicular load tables are presented for specific load conditions. Heavy duty load tables are presented with deflection limited to the lesser of 1/8″ or L/400. If your application is not addressed by the load tables found in this website, please contact Interstate Gratings. We will gladly discuss the merits of our diverse products and assist in selecting the product most appropriate for your application.

Steel grating is usually provided with bare steel (no finish), painted with one coat of IG ECOCOAT™ or other special paint finishes, or hot dip galvanized in accordance with ASTM A-123. Aluminum products are commonly supplied mill finish but they are also available with optional chemically cleaned or anodized finishes. Due to discoloration that occurs during welding and fabrication, Stainless Steel grating products typically require secondary cleaning.

IG ECOCLEAN™, abrasive blasting, and passivation provide a uniform and clean surface. All grating products can be provided with specialty finishes including enamel, epoxy paints or powder coating. When considering specialty finishes, consultation with the coating manufacturer is essential.

As manufactured, grating panels are provided with open ends. Optional trim banding, a metal flat bar welded to the open ends of the panel, provides additional transverse stiffness and a finished architectural appearance. Banding should be specified for all removable grating panels, the closed end of a banded panel providing additional worker safety during the removal and replacement process.

Gratings subject to vehicular loads should always be specified as banded. In these applications, the band bar helps reduce impact stresses by transferring loads to adjacent bearing bars and further resists deformation caused by repetitive traffic patterns on open end gratings.

Trench banding, where the band bar is elevated above the bottom of the bearing bars, is appropriate for drainage applications. The elevated band bar allows for efficient drainage and will not trap liquids between the band bar and the grating support.

Load banding, where each bearing bar is welded to the band bar, helps distribute load throughout the grating panel. See Banding Weld Standards for specific welding practices.

Aluminum Bar Grating is lightweight, corrosion resistant, non-sparking and has an unmatched strength-to-weight ratio. Manufactured from ASTM B221, or alloy, aluminum grating is available in four distinct products, type “ADT” Dovetail Pressure Locked , type “SG” Swaged Rectangular Bar, type “SGI” Swaged “I” Bar, and type “SGF” Swaged Flush-Top and. All four products are available with bearing bar spacing ranging from 19/16″ (1-3/16″) to 7/16″ on center and with cross bars at either 4″ or 2″ on center. Rectangular bar products are manufactured with standard plain or optional serrated walking surfaces and “I” bar products are manufactured with a standard skid-resistant striated walking surface. Aluminum products are typically shipped “mill finish” with no additional treatment. For architectural applications or highly corrosive environments, supplemental anodizing, chemical cleaning or powder coat finishes are available.

Type “ADT” Aluminum Dovetail Pressure Locked Grating

Type “ADT” aluminum gratings have deep rectangular cross bars and are manufactured by inserting pre-punched bearing bars and cross bars into an interlocking configuration and deforming the cross bars under intense hydraulic pressure. The deep cross bars on type “ADT” gratings make them popular for architectural applications such as sun shades and infill panels with the deeper cross bar serving as a distinct architectural accent. Click Here* for detailed product specification information.

Type “SG” Swaged Rectangular Aluminum Grating

Type “SG” rectangular bar provides clean, crisp lines and the cross bar is fully locked within the bearing bar, slightly below the top surface. Type 19-SG-4 aluminum grating is the industry recognized standard for industrial applications with nearly 80% open area. Type “SG” gratings are available in close mesh ADA conforming spacings 11-SG-4 and 7-SG-4 which are commonly used in public areas. When specifying type 11-SG-4 for ADA applications, 3/16″ thick bearing bars must be specified.

Type “SGI” Swaged “I-Bar” Aluminum Grating

Manufactured with highly efficient “I” shaped extruded bearing bars, type “SGI” aluminum grating carries the same load as 3/16” thick rectangular bar type “SG” aluminum grating, but weighs slightly less per square foot. Additionally, the striated top and bottom flanges of the “I” bar provide enhanced skid resistance without the cost of serration.

Type “SGF” Swaged Flush-Top Aluminum Grating

Manufactured with a unique, extruded cross bar that is flush with the top surface of the bearing bars after swaging, type “SGF” aluminum grating provides an enhanced walking surface for areas subject to continuous pedestrian traffic. Available in rectangular bar with plain or serrated surfaces, type “SGF” aluminum grating is also available in ADA conforming spacings for applications located in the public way.

Stainless Steel Bar Grating is manufactured from alloy types 304, 304L, 316 and 316L and available in grating types “WS” (welded stainless grating), “DTS” (dovetail stainless pressure locked) and “SLS” (swage locked stainless). Popular for highly corrosive environments and long-lasting architectural applications, stainless steel bar gratings are available with bearing bar spacing ranging from 19/16″ (1-3/16″) to 7/16″ on center and with cross bars at 4″ or 2″ on center. Each product is available with standard plain or optional serrated surface and finish options are diverse and should be closely considered.

Type “WS” Welded Stainless Steel Grating

Our strongest and most economical stainless product, type “WS” gratings are manufactured by forge welding rectangular bearing bars and drawn cross bars. This welding process provides a positive fused intersection providing years of service under the most demanding conditions.
Type “WS” stainless gratings are available in “19 space” (1-3/16″), “15 space” (15/16″) and “11 space” (11/16″) bearing bar centers. Standard cross bar spacing is 4″ on center and the optional 2″ cross  bar spacing is also available.  

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Anchor

 – A device by which grating is attached to its supports

Band

 – A flat bar welded to the end of a grating panel, or along the side of a cutout, and extending neither above nor below the bearing bars.

Load Carrying Band

 – A band used to transfer load between bearing bars.

Trim Band

 – A band which carries no load, used primarily for appearance and closing open ends.

Bearing Bars

 – Load-carrying main elements made from steel, aluminum or stainless steel, extending in the direction of the grating span

Bearing Bar Centers

 – The distance center-to-center of the bearing bars.

Carriers

 – Flats or angles which are welded to the grating panel and nosing of a stair tread and are bolted to a stair stringer to support the tread.

Clear Opening

 – The distance between faces of bearing bars in rectangular gratings, or between a bent connecting bar and a bearing bar in a riveted grating.

Cross Bars

 – The connecting bars which extend across the bearing bars, usually perpendicular to them. The may be bent into a corrugated or sinuous pattern and, where they intersect the bearing bars, are welded, forged or mechanically locked to them.

Pressure-Locked Grating

-Pressure-locked means bearing bars are locked in position by cross bar deformation instead of riveting or welding. Several proven methods include:
•   Expansion of an extruded or drawn tubular   cross bar;
•   Extruded cross bar deformed or swaged between bearing bars;
•   Press assembly of rectangular cross bars into slotted bearing bars.

Radially Cut Grating

 – Rectangular grating which is cut into panels shaped as annular segments, for use in circular or annular areas.

Reticuline Bar

 – A sinuously bent connecting bar extending between two adjacent bearing bars, alternately contacting and being riveted to each.

Rivet Centers

 – The distance center-to-center of rivets along one bearing bar.

Riveted Grating

 – Grating composed of straight bearing bars and bent connecting bars, which are joined at their contact points, by riveting.

Serrated Grating

 – Grating which has the top surfaces of the bearing bars or cross bars, or both, notched.

Cross Bar Centers

 – The distance center-to-center of the cross bars.

Curved Cut

Link to Sichili

 – A cutout following a curved pattern.

Cutout

 – An area of grating removed to clear an obstruction or to permit pipes, ducts, columns, etc. to pass through the grating.

Electro-Forged

 – A process of combining hydraulic pressure and heat fusion to forge bearing bars and cross bars into a panel grid.

Finish

 – The coating, usually paint or galvanizing, which is applied to the grating.

Flush-Top Grating

 – A type of pressure-locked grating in which the cross bars and bearing bars are in the same plane relative to the top surface of the grating.

Grating

 – An open grid assembly of metal bars, in which the bearing bars, running in one direction, are spaced by rigid attachment to cross bars running perpendicular to them or by bent connecting bars extending between them.

Hinged Panel

 – Grating panels which are hinged to their supports or to other grating parts.

I-Bar

 – An extruded aluminum bearing bar having a cross section shape of the letter “I”.

Length

 – Refer to Span of Grating

Nosing

 – A special “L” section member serving as the front or leading edge of a stair tread, or of grating at the head of a stair.

Span of Grating

 – The distance between points of grating support, or the dimension of the bearing bars in this direction.

Straight Cut

 – That portion of the cut edge or cutout of a grating which follows a straight line.

Swaging

 – A method of altering the cross-section shape of a metal bar by pressure applied through dies.

Toe Plate

 – A flat bar attached against the outer edge of a grating or rear edge of a tread, and projecting above the top surface of the grating or tread to form a lip or curb.

Tread

 – A panel of grating having carriers and a nosing attached by welding, and designed specifically to serve as a stair tread.

Welded Grating

 – Grating in which the bearing bars and cross bars are joined at their intersections by either electro-forging or conventional hand welding.

Width

 – The overall dimension of a grating panel, measured perpendicular to the bearing bars, and in the same direction as the cross bars.

Due to the variety of different materials, classifications and applications, it can be difficult to determine which type of metal grating you should use for your project. To help, we have provided detailed information on the different types of metal gratings. 

What are metal gratings?

Metal gratings are metal products made by perforating metal sheets or joining metal strips to form a grid. They are a metal product that is widely used in various industries such as stairs, platforms, scaffolding and guards. The different processes used to produce metal grating include expansion, perforation, moulding and welding.

Almost any metal can be used to make metal gratings. The most common types are iron, carbon steel, aluminium and stainless steel. Metal grating is commonly used as a non-slip safety surface for applications requiring a secure working platform.

Types of metal used to make metal gratings

The term grating refers to any type of covering or frame used to cover a hole, provide support, use as a platform or provide protection. There is a myriad of materials that can be used to make gratings, from various types of strong plastic to heavy-duty steel and stainless steel. When choosing a grating material, the main concerns are its use, its strength and the need to add ambience to the structure.

Metal grating is used in a variety of conditions and environments as a safety precaution or means of protection.Specialised metal gratings are used in airports, industrial operations and manufacturing facilities and are extremely robust and durable.

Aluminium bar grating

Aluminium bar grating is the ideal choice when a lightweight, corrosion-resistant material is required. Aluminium grating can be used in a variety of industrial applications due to its versatility and durability. A wide variety of aluminium bar grating options are available to you, such as rectangular bar, flat top, riveted, sheet and I-beam grating products. Aluminium grating is non-toxic, flexible and durable. In addition, it is corrosion resistant, lightweight and easy to recycle, fabricate or customise.

One of the most common methods of manufacturing aluminium grating is through the profile forging process. A drop-forged aluminium bar grating is defined as "a grating in which the cross bars are mechanically locked to the bearing bars at their intersection by deforming or drop-forging the metal." Modern profile forging techniques can be used to provide joints at intersections. Mechanically connected joints give aluminium grating a long life under normal conditions of use. Another common type of aluminium grating is press-lock grating. This type of aluminium grating has strips that are mechanically assembled together. The bars of this aluminum grating are locked into place by a hydraulic pressing process.

Carbon steel grating

Carbon steel grating is a good choice when your project requires a robust material that will not be exposed to significantly corrosive environments. Bar grating is ideal for industrial steel grating floors and metal grating. Plain or serrated steel grating is finished in galvanised, bare steel or painted finishes.

A common grating application is drainage grating, which is an integral part of the interior of industrial plants and the exterior landscape around us. Also known as bar grating trench grating, these grating allow light, heat and liquids to pass through and can therefore be used to screen out unwanted elements and debris in a variety of environments.

Steel grating is also suitable for industrial decking and flooring in chemical plants, food processing facilities and oil and gas refineries. Metal gratings are ideal for these applications as they allow liquids to pass through the material, which helps prevent slippery and hazardous working conditions. In addition, pedestrians rely on metal grating on public footpaths and near fountains and trees.

Stainless Steel Grating

Several grades of stainless steel are used to produce metal grating, including grades 304, 304L, 316 and 316L. Stainless steel metal grating is exceptionally strong and durable, able to withstand corrosive, wet and high humidity conditions. It is produced using various sizes of bars by profile forging or welding methods.

The special characteristics of stainless steel make it ideal for grating in water treatment plants, chemical processing plants and oil and gas production. It is highly resilient and can withstand harsh weather and extreme temperature changes.

Galvanised steel grating

Galvanised steel is carbon steel that has been galvanised to prevent rust and corrosion. Like stainless steel, it is the ideal solution for grating installed outdoors or in highly humid environments. The zinc protection ages slowly, thus extending the life of galvanised steel metal grating.

Most galvanised steel metal grating has an ab load rating and is capable of withstanding 28,000 lbs. or 125 kilonewtons (kn), as classified by Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN).

Are you working with a metal supplier you can rely on? 

BZWIREMESH can do the special treatment for our clients, the steel bar grating can be produced into assemblies according to clients' design.

And the steel bar grating can be produced into irregular shape according to clients' drawings to achieve the installation for irregular areas. We will be happy to help you out!